Pedialyte products help to replenish electrolytes and prevent dehydration in children and adults Pedialyte products help to replenish electrolytes and prevent dehydration in children and adults

We’re here to help prevent dehydration and answer any questions about Pedialyte®.


After you have consulted our FAQ section*, be sure to talk with your doctor for specific health-related concerns.


For product-related questions, you may call us:


One-on-one nutrition help when you need it (seven days a week)
1-800-699-9948.

Speak to one of our product specialists* or registered dietitians.*

* Not meant to replace the advice of a health care professional.

Expand All
What is Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® is an oral rehydration solution specifically designed to quickly replenish fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea and vomiting, fever, exercise, heat and travel.

Does Pedialyte® help dehydration?

Yes, Pedialyte® replenishes water and electrolytes to help prevent dehydration and is the #1 doctor- and pharmacist-recommended rehydration solution in Canada.

USAGE

Does Pedialyte® help with diarrhea and vomiting?

Pedialyte® is specially formulated to help prevent mild to moderate dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting by replacing fluids and electrolytes. Unlike common household beverages, Pedialyte® contains the optimal balance of sodium and sugar recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration. The optimal balance enhances intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption into the bloodstream. Sports drinks, juices, and sodas are too high in sugar and can make symptoms, such as diarrhea, worse.


For more information on dehydration and the stomach flu, click here.

Can Pedialyte® help a cold?

Pedialyte® can help during a cold if you are dehydrated from drinking less fluids or from increased sweating if you have a fever. Pedialyte® is specially formulated to help prevent dehydration by restoring fluids and electrolytes.

Can Pedialyte® help with a headache?

A headache may be a symptom of dehydration. If dehydration is the cause of your headache, Pedialyte® is scientifically designed for fast, effective rehydration. Pedialyte® can also help prevent dehydration in the first place.


For more information on the symptoms of dehydration, click here.

Can you drink Pedialyte® if you have a fever?

Fever may cause you to sweat more and drink less than usual, both of which can lead to dehydration. Pedialyte® can help relieve and prevent dehydration due to fever by quickly replacing fluids and electrolytes.


For more information on dehydration and fever, click here.

Does Pedialyte® help with nausea?

Nausea could lead to dehydration due to vomiting or not drinking enough fluids. Pedialyte® helps prevent mild to moderate dehydration. Speak with your health care professional to know if Pedialyte® may be suitable for you. Drinking Pedialyte® in small sips can help prevent dehydration that might occur during periods of nausea and vomiting.

How long does Pedialyte® take to work?

Pedialyte® is scientifically designed for fast, effective rehydration and quickly replenishes fluids and electrolytes lost during diarrhea and vomiting. It is also as effective as intravenous therapy to help prevent mild to moderate dehydration. Rehydrate with Pedialyte® to feel better fast.

Do athletes drink Pedialyte®?

Yes, Pedialyte® helps prevent dehydration due to exercise* and can be suitable for athletes to help prevent dehydration caused by sweating during intense training. It is also suitable for rehydrating during and after exercise.


For more information on dehydration and exercise, click here.

Is Pedialyte® good for runners?

Yes, Pedialyte® can be suitable for runners to help prevent or relieve dehydration, and can be used to rehydrate after extreme perspiration. Pedialyte® is formulated to help prevent dehydration by replacing fluids and electrolytes that may be lost during exercise.

Is Pedialyte® good for sports?

Playing sports can cause you to sweat, so you can use Pedialyte® to rehydrate during and after exercise. Pedialyte® is formulated to help prevent dehydration by replacing fluids and electrolytes that may be lost during exercise.


For more information on dehydration and exercise, click here.

Is Pedialyte® good for bodybuilding?

Pedialyte® helps prevent dehydration caused by sweating during and after periods of intense exercise. You can use Pedialyte® as part of your workout recovery.

How does Pedialyte® compare to sports drinks?

Pedialyte® is formulated to help prevent dehydration more effectively than common household beverages like water, juice, soda or sports drinks. Pedialyte® contains up to 50% less sugar than sports drinks. Unlike sports drinks, juice and soda, Pedialyte® contains the optimal balance of sugar and sodium recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration. This optimal balance also enhances intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption into the bloodstream. Sports drinks are too high in sugar, which can make symptoms worse (when dehydration is due to diarrhea and vomiting). Rehydrate with Pedialyte® to feel better fast.


For more information, click here.

Should I continue breastfeeding while giving my baby Pedialyte®?

It is often recommended to continue breastfeeding an infant or child during bouts of diarrhea and vomiting, but each situation is different. We suggest consulting your health care professional to determine the best course of action for your child.

Can someone with diabetes use Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® is used to help restore fluids and electrolytes lost during diarrhea and vomiting. While it does contain carbohydrates, it may or may not contain the appropriate amount of carbohydrates for someone with diabetes, especially if insulin is being used. People with diabetes should ask their doctor for specific guidelines on using Pedialyte®.

INGREDIENTS

What ingredients are in Pedialyte®?
What electrolytes are in Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® contains sodium, potassium and chloride. For effective rehydration, we need both fluids and electrolytes, like those found in Pedialyte®, to rehydrate and feel better fast.

Where can I find Pedialyte® nutrition facts?

Please refer to Pedialyte® labels for information on medical and non-medical ingredients.
This website provides information for Canadian products.
Click on a product name to view the medicinal ingredient values: Pedialyte® - Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® - Pedialyte® powder sticks - Pedialyte® freezer pops - Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus - Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus powder sticks

How many calories does Pedialyte® contain?

Pedialyte® contains 100 calories per litre.
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® contains 70 calories per litre.
Pedialyte® powder sticks contain 23 calories per 250 mL.
Pedialyte® freezer pops contain 6.3 calories per sleeve (62.5 mL).
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus contains 70 calories per litre.
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus powder sticks contain 25 calories per 250 mL.

Is there a lot of sugar in Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® contains the optimal balance of sugar and sodium recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration—up to 6x less sugar than sports drinks, juice, and soda.

How many grams of sugar/carbohydrates are in Pedialyte® products?

The amount of sugar/carbohydrates (dextrose) used in each formulation of Pedialyte® is listed below:


Formulation Sugar (dextrose)
Pedialyte® 25 g per litre
Pedialyte® freezer pops 25 g per litre (1.6 g per 62.5 mL freezer pop)
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® 16 g per litre
Pedialyte® powder sticks 23 g per litre
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus 16 g per litre
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus powder sticks 21 g per litre
Why are sweeteners added to Pedialyte®? Why not just add sugar?

Pedialyte® contains the quantity and ratio of sugar (dextrose) and minerals (electrolytes) recommended by experts.1,2 This precise balance of sugar and electrolytes makes Pedialyte® effective to help the prevention of mild to moderate dehydration. The presence of a small amount of sugar enhances water absorption. Adding sweeteners makes Pedialyte® tasty and easy to drink.

DOSAGE

Who can use Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® helps prevent dehydration in both children and adults. It is available in multiple flavours for all ages. The recommended dosage varies based on age.


For more information on other adult usage, click here.

How much and how often should I give Pedialyte® to my child? Is the dose different for adults?

Recommended dose for mild to moderate dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting

Infants under 1 year of age: Consult your doctor.

Children 1-2 years: Give 50–100 mL per episode of diarrhea and/or vomiting, up to a maximum of 1 L over a period of
24 hours. Attempt to give solution as soon as diarrhea begins. Offer small, frequent sips every 15 minutes, increasing serving size as tolerated.

Children 2-9 years: Give 100–200 mL per episode of diarrhea and/or vomiting, up to a maximum of 1 L over a period of
8 to 24 hours. Attempt to give solution as soon as diarrhea begins. Offer small, frequent sips every 15 minutes, increasing serving size as tolerated.

Adults, adolescents, and children ≥ 10 years: Take/give 200–400 mL per episode of diarrhea and/or vomiting, or as much as wanted. Attempt to take/give solution as soon as diarrhea begins. Take/give small, frequent sips every
15 minutes, increasing serving size as tolerated.


Consult your doctor if vomiting, fever or diarrhea continues beyond 24 hours or if consumption needs are greater than
2 L per day. Pedialyte® freezer pops are not for use in children under 2 years of age.


Recommended dose for mild to moderate dehydration due to other causes (fever, travelling, heat, exercise, and medical procedures/treatments which may increase the risk of dehydration)

Children <10 years: Consult a health care professional.

Adults, adolescents, and children ≥ 10 years: Take/give 400 mL–2 L per day as needed, or as directed by a health care professional.

Why does the Pedialyte® label say “For infants under 1 year of age, consult your physician”?

Although Pedialyte® Unflavoured is suitable for infants under 1 year of age, this recommendation is intended to ensure the proper evaluation and treatment plan for infants who take Pedialyte®. A baby is at much greater risk for dehydration than an older child is, and it is important to encourage parents to discuss their baby’s condition with a physician before rehydration during diarrhea and vomiting.

Is Pedialyte® safe for babies and newborn infants?

For children under 1 year, consult a physician before using Pedialyte®.

STORAGE AND PREPARATION

Can I freeze Pedialyte® (not the freezer pops)?

We do not recommend freezing any of our Pedialyte® products, unless they are specifically designed to be frozen, like Pedialyte® freezer pops. Pedialyte® freezer pops contain an ingredient (carboxymethylcellulose) that keeps the pops from freezing solid (like ice cubes) and makes them more “bite-able”. Other Pedialyte® products do not contain this ingredient.

Can I mix Pedialyte® with water? Apple juice? Ginger ale?

Pedialyte® products§ contain the optimal balance of sugar and electrolytes recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration. If other fluids are added, this balance of sugar and electrolytes will be altered, making the product less effective. Therefore, no other beverage should be mixed with Pedialyte®, unless recommended by a health care professional.


Pedialyte® is available in numerous flavours and formats, see which ones you like best.

Can Pedialyte® and infant formula be mixed?

No, we do not recommend mixing Pedialyte® with formula. When Pedialyte® and formula are mixed, the fluids and nutrient content of both would change, along with the osmolality (concentration of the solution), which is important for fluid absorption.

Why does Pedialyte® need to be refrigerated after opening and discarded after 96 hours?

Once opened, there is a risk that bacteria could come into contact with the product from the air or through direct contact (if you drink directly from the bottle). Bacteria grows slowly at refrigerated temperatures and over time, the number of bacteria can become significant and may be harmful to certain populations.

Consider the Pedialyte® powder sticks if you require a smaller volume in a 96-hour period.

Click to learn more: Pedialyte® powder sticks.

Does Pedialyte® expire? Can I use Pedialyte® past the expiry date?

Yes, Pedialyte® does expire. To ensure the highest quality, Abbott Nutrition does not recommend consuming any product after the expiry date. The product’s quality and physical stability cannot be guaranteed beyond the expiry date because both can decrease with time.

AVAILABILITY

Where in the store can I find Pedialyte®?

Typically, most retail locations stock Pedialyte® in the pharmacy section. It can also be found in the baby/toddler aisle. If you’re having trouble finding it, ask the pharmacist for help.

OTHER

Can I give Pedialyte® to my pet dog or cat?

Always consult a veterinarian before administering any over-the-counter products to your pet.

How can I share my Pedialyte® experience?

We love to see you and your family using our Pedialyte® products to rehydrate. Feel free to post your photos and share your experiences on social media. Make sure to tag our accounts so we can join in on the fun!


Click to connect with us: Instagram@PedialyteCanada Facebook@pedialyteCA

† Mild to moderate dehydration.

‡ For causes of dehydration other than vomiting and diarrhea, consult a health care professional.

§ Following instructions for mixing Pedialyte® powder sticks.

  1. World Health Organization. Oral Rehydration Salts: Production of the new ORS, 2006.
  2. Leung A, Prince T. Oral rehydration therapy and early refeeding in the management of childhood gastroenteritis. Canadian Paediatric Society Nutrition and Gastroenterology Committee. Paediatr Child Health 2006;11(8):527-31.

We’re here to help prevent dehydration and answer any questions about Pedialyte®.


After you have consulted our FAQ section*, be sure to talk with your doctor for specific health-related concerns.


For product-related questions, you may call us:


One-on-one nutrition help when you need it (seven days a week)
1-800-699-9948

Speak to one of our product specialists* or registered dietitians.*

* Not meant to replace the advice of a health care professional.

Expand All
What is Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® is an oral rehydration solution specifically designed to quickly replenish fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea and vomiting, fever, exercise, heat and travel.

Does Pedialyte® help dehydration?

Yes, Pedialyte® replenishes water and electrolytes to help prevent dehydration and is the #1 doctor- and pharmacist-recommended rehydration solution in Canada.

USAGE

Does Pedialyte® help with diarrhea and vomiting?

Pedialyte® is specially formulated to help prevent mild to moderate dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting by replacing fluids and electrolytes. Unlike common household beverages, Pedialyte® contains the optimal balance of sodium and sugar recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration. The optimal balance enhances intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption into the bloodstream. Sports drinks, juices, and sodas are too high in sugar and can make symptoms, such as diarrhea, worse.


For more information on dehydration and the stomach flu, click here.

Can Pedialyte® help a cold?

Pedialyte® can help during a cold if you are dehydrated from drinking less fluids or from increased sweating if you have a fever. Pedialyte® is specially formulated to help prevent dehydration by restoring fluids and electrolytes.

Can Pedialyte® help with a headache?

A headache may be a symptom of dehydration. If dehydration is the cause of your headache, Pedialyte® is scientifically designed for fast, effective rehydration. Pedialyte® can also help prevent dehydration in the first place.


For more information on the symptoms of dehydration, click here.

Can you drink Pedialyte® if you have a fever?

Fever may cause you to sweat more and drink less than usual, both of which can lead to dehydration. Pedialyte® can help relieve and prevent dehydration due to fever by quickly replacing fluids and electrolytes.


For more information on dehydration and fever, click here.

Does Pedialyte® help with nausea?

Nausea could lead to dehydration due to vomiting or not drinking enough fluids. Pedialyte® helps prevent mild to moderate dehydration. Speak with your health care professional to know if Pedialyte® may be suitable for you. Drinking Pedialyte® in small sips can help prevent dehydration that might occur during periods of nausea and vomiting.

How long does Pedialyte® take to work?

Pedialyte® is scientifically designed for fast, effective rehydration and quickly replenishes fluids and electrolytes lost during diarrhea and vomiting. It is also as effective as intravenous therapy to help prevent mild to moderate dehydration. Rehydrate with Pedialyte® to feel better fast.

Do athletes drink Pedialyte®?

Yes, Pedialyte® helps prevent dehydration due to exercise* and can be suitable for athletes to help prevent dehydration caused by sweating during intense training. It is also suitable for rehydrating during and after exercise.


For more information on dehydration and exercise, click here.

Is Pedialyte® good for runners?

Yes, Pedialyte® can be suitable for runners to help prevent or relieve dehydration, and can be used to rehydrate after extreme perspiration. Pedialyte® is formulated to help prevent dehydration by replacing fluids and electrolytes that may be lost during exercise.

Is Pedialyte® good for sports?

Playing sports can cause you to sweat, so you can use Pedialyte® to rehydrate during and after exercise. Pedialyte® is formulated to help prevent dehydration by replacing fluids and electrolytes that may be lost during exercise.


For more information on dehydration and exercise, click here.

Is Pedialyte® good for bodybuilding?

Pedialyte® helps prevent dehydration caused by sweating during and after periods of intense exercise. You can use Pedialyte® as part of your workout recovery.

How does Pedialyte® compare to sports drinks?

Pedialyte® is formulated to help prevent dehydration more effectively than common household beverages like water, juice, soda or sports drinks. Pedialyte® contains up to 50% less sugar than sports drinks. Unlike sports drinks, juice and soda, Pedialyte® contains the optimal balance of sugar and sodium recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration. This optimal balance also enhances intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption into the bloodstream. Sports drinks are too high in sugar, which can make symptoms worse (when dehydration is due to diarrhea and vomiting). Rehydrate with Pedialyte® to feel better fast.


For more information, click here

Should I continue breastfeeding while giving my baby Pedialyte®?

It is often recommended to continue breastfeeding an infant or child during bouts of diarrhea and vomiting, but each situation is different. We suggest consulting your health care professional to determine the best course of action for your child.

Can someone with diabetes use Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® is used to help restore fluids and electrolytes lost during diarrhea and vomiting. While it does contain carbohydrates, it may or may not contain the appropriate amount of carbohydrates for someone with diabetes, especially if insulin is being used. People with diabetes should ask their doctor for specific guidelines on using Pedialyte®.

INGREDIENTS

What ingredients are in Pedialyte®?
What electrolytes are in Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® contains sodium, potassium and chloride. For effective rehydration, we need both fluids and electrolytes, like those found in Pedialyte®, to rehydrate and feel better fast.

Where can I find Pedialyte® nutrition facts?

Please refer to Pedialyte® labels for information on medical and non-medical ingredients.
This website provides information for Canadian products.
Click on a product name to view the medicinal ingredient values: Pedialyte® - Pedialyte® AdvancedCare®> - Pedialyte® powder sticks - Pedialyte® freezer pops- Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus - Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus powder sticks

How many calories does Pedialyte® contain?

Pedialyte® contains 100 calories per litre.
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® contains 70 calories per litre.
Pedialyte® powder sticks contain 23 calories per 250 mL.
Pedialyte® freezer pops contain 6.3 calories per sleeve (62.5 mL).
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus contains 70 calories per litre.
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus powder sticks contain 25 calories per 250 mL.

Is there a lot of sugar in Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® contains the optimal balance of sugar and sodium recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration—up to 6x less sugar than sports drinks, juice, and soda.

How many grams of sugar/carbohydrates are in Pedialyte® products?

The amount of sugar/carbohydrates (dextrose) used in each formulation of Pedialyte® is listed below:


Formulation Sugar (dextrose)
Pedialyte® 25 g per litre
Pedialyte® freezer pops 25 g per litre (1.6 g per 62.5 mL freezer pop)
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® 16 g per litre
Pedialyte®powder sticks 25 g per litre
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus 16 g per litre
Pedialyte® AdvancedCare® Plus powder sticks 21 g per litre
Why are sweeteners added to Pedialyte®? Why not just add sugar?

Pedialyte® contains the quantity and ratio of sugar (dextrose) and minerals (electrolytes) recommended by experts.1,2 This precise balance of sugar and electrolytes makes Pedialyte® effective to help the prevention of mild to moderate dehydration. The presence of a small amount of sugar enhances water absorption. Adding sweeteners makes Pedialyte® tasty and easy to drink.

DOSAGE

Who can use Pedialyte®?

Pedialyte® helps prevent dehydration in both children and adults. It is available in multiple flavours for all ages. The recommended dosage varies based on age.


For more information on other adult usage, click here

How much and how often should I give Pedialyte® to my child? Is the dose different for adults?

Recommended dose for mild to moderate dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting

Infants under 1 year of age: Consult your doctor.

Children 1-2 years: Give 50–100 mL per episode of diarrhea and/or vomiting, up to a maximum of 1 L over a period of
24 hours. Attempt to give solution as soon as diarrhea begins. Offer small, frequent sips every 15 minutes, increasing serving size as tolerated.

Children 2-9 years: Give 100–200 mL per episode of diarrhea and/or vomiting, up to a maximum of 1 L over a period of
8 to 24 hours. Attempt to give solution as soon as diarrhea begins. Offer small, frequent sips every 15 minutes, increasing serving size as tolerated.

Adults, adolescents, and children ≥ 10 years: Take/give 200–400 mL per episode of diarrhea and/or vomiting, or as much as wanted. Attempt to take/give solution as soon as diarrhea begins. Take/give small, frequent sips every
15 minutes, increasing serving size as tolerated.


Consult your doctor if vomiting, fever or diarrhea continues beyond 24 hours or if consumption needs are greater than
2 L per day. Pedialyte® freezer pops are not for use in children under 2 years of age.


Recommended dose for mild to moderate dehydration due to other causes (fever, travelling, heat, exercise, and medical procedures/treatments which may increase the risk of dehydration)

Children <10 years: Consult a health care professional.

Adults, adolescents, and children ≥ 10 years: Take/give 400 mL–2 L per day as needed, or as directed by a health care professional.

Why does the Pedialyte® label say “For infants under 1 year of age, consult your physician”?

Although Pedialyte® Unflavoured is suitable for infants under 1 year of age, this recommendation is intended to ensure the proper evaluation and treatment plan for infants who take Pedialyte®. A baby is at much greater risk for dehydration than an older child is, and it is important to encourage parents to discuss their baby’s condition with a physician before rehydration during diarrhea and vomiting.

Is Pedialyte® safe for babies and newborn infants?

For children under 1 year, consult a physician before using Pedialyte®.

STORAGE AND PREPARATION

Can I freeze Pedialyte® (not the freezer pops)?

We do not recommend freezing any of our Pedialyte® products, unless they are specifically designed to be frozen, like Pedialyte® freezer pops. Pedialyte® freezer pops contain an ingredient (carboxymethylcellulose) that keeps the pops from freezing solid (like ice cubes) and makes them more “bite-able”. Other Pedialyte® products do not contain this ingredient.

Can I mix Pedialyte® with water? Apple juice? Ginger ale?

Pedialyte® products§ contain the optimal balance of sugar and electrolytes recommended by experts1,2 to help prevent dehydration. If other fluids are added, this balance of sugar and electrolytes will be altered, making the product less effective. Therefore, no other beverage should be mixed with Pedialyte®, unless recommended by a health care professional.


Pedialyte® is available in numerous flavours and formats. see which ones you like best.

Can Pedialyte® and infant formula be mixed?

No, we do not recommend mixing Pedialyte® with formula. When Pedialyte® and formula are mixed, the fluids and nutrient content of both would change, along with the osmolality (concentration of the solution), which is important for fluid absorption.

Why does Pedialyte® need to be refrigerated after opening and discarded after 96 hours?
Once opened, there is a risk that bacteria could come into contact with the product from the air or through direct contact (if you drink directly from the bottle). Bacteria grows slowly at refrigerated temperatures and over time, the number of bacteria can become significant and may be harmful to certain populations.

Consider the Pedialyte® powder sticks if you require a smaller volume in a 96-hour period.

Click to learn more: Pedialyte® powder sticks.
Does Pedialyte® expire? Can I use Pedialyte® past the expiry date?

Yes, Pedialyte® does expire. To ensure the highest quality, Abbott Nutrition does not recommend consuming any product after the expiry date. The product’s quality and physical stability cannot be guaranteed beyond the expiry date because both can decrease with time.

AVAILABILITY

Where in the store can I find Pedialyte®?

Typically, most retail locations stock Pedialyte® in the pharmacy section. It can also be found in the baby/toddler aisle. If you’re having trouble finding it, ask the pharmacist for help.

OTHER

Can I give Pedialyte® to my pet dog or cat?

Always consult a veterinarian before administering any over-the-counter products to your pet.

How can I share my Pedialyte® experience?

We love to see you and your family using our Pedialyte® products to rehydrate. Feel free to post your photos and share your experiences on social media. Make sure to tag our accounts so we can join in on the fun!


Click to connect with us:

† Mild to moderate dehydration.

‡ For causes of dehydration other than vomiting and diarrhea, consult a health care professional.

§ Following instructions for mixing Pedialyte® powder sticks.

  1. World Health Organization. Oral Rehydration Salts: Production of the new ORS, 2006.
  2. Leung A, Prince T. Oral rehydration therapy and early refeeding in the management of childhood gastroenteritis. Canadian Paediatric Society Nutrition and Gastroenterology Committee. Paediatr Child Health 2006;11(8):527-31.